Lightweight, cost-effective hydrogen tanks for clean vehicles

Hydrogen tanks: challenges in weight, cost, and performance

Hydrogen fuel cells are a critical component in the shift toward clean-energy transportation, offering fast refueling, extended driving ranges, and zero emissions. Yet, the adoption of hydrogen vehicles has long been hindered by the weight and cost of traditional steel and aluminum pressure tanks. These heavy materials reduce vehicle load capacity and fuel efficiency, making them less competitive in an increasingly eco-conscious market.

To overcome these barriers, manufacturers are shifting to engineering thermoplastics. Advanced materials can streamline designs, cut production costs, and reduce the weight of type IV hydrogen tanks by up to 70%. However, the chosen materials must meet strict performance requirements, including resistance to:

• Mechanical stress from rapid hydrogen filling and depressurization.
• Extreme temperatures ranging from -40°C to 85°C.
• Permeation leakage to ensure safe hydrogen storage under high pressure.

While high-density polyethylene (HDPE) is often used, it requires thicker walls to meet permeation standards and is prone to blistering. Standard PA6 offers a cost-effective alternative but becomes brittle at sub-zero temperatures, limiting its reliability. To address these challenges, manufacturers must select materials that balance cost, performance, and regulatory compliance.

Akulon® Fuel Lock and Durethan®: A proven solution for type IV hydrogen tanks

Envalior introduced Akulon® Fuel Lock and Durethan® to meet the growing need for lightweight, sustainable hydrogen tanks. This advanced PA6 material is designed specifically for type IV pressure vessels, providing a host of benefits:

• Weight reduction: Akulon and Durethan are 70% lighter than traditional steel alternatives, improving vehicle load capacity and fuel efficiency.
• High mechanical strength: It offers excellent impact resistance and dimensional stability across the tank’s lifespan.
• Superior permeation barrier: The material minimizes hydrogen leakage, enhancing vehicle safety and fuel efficiency.

Exceptional temperature and barrier properties

Akulon Fuel Lock and Durethan surpasses HDPE and PA11 with their unique chemical structure. It provides a higher safety margin under thermal stress, excelling at temperatures up to 85°C. Fast fill testing in environments as cold as -40°C confirms that Akulon Fuel Lock and Durethan maintain their integrity, making it an ideal choice for vehicles operating in extreme conditions.

Optimized for cost-efficiency and design flexibility

One of the standout features of Akulon Fuel Lock and Durethan is their compatibility with multiple manufacturing processes, including injection molding, blow molding, roto-molding, and tube extrusion. This versatility allows manufacturers to incorporate the material into existing production lines with minimal adjustments, saving costs and reducing complexity.

Its processing capabilities also enable the creation of light, thin-walled designs, cutting curing times during the production of composite layers. Envalior enhances these efficiencies with hands-on computer-aided engineering (CAE) support, including tools for predicting permeation behavior and optimizing tank designs.

At Envalior, we are dedicated to accelerating the transition to sustainable transportation. By working closely with automotive manufacturers and OEMs, we ensure our material solutions address their toughest design, cost, and performance challenges. Together, we are building a future defined by innovation, eco-friendly solutions, and zero-emission transportation.

Discover how Akulon® Fuel Lock and Durethan® can transform your hydrogen tank production. Contact us today or visit plasticsfinder.envalior.com for more information.

Further reading

Learn about thermal management systems

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